Air Traffic Controller FAQ

Not necessarily; the FAA provides training.

Most applicants must apply before age 31, and controllers retire by 56.

FAA Academy training plus years of on-the-job training at a facility.

The median annual wage for air traffic controllers was $148,080 ($71.19 per hour) in May 2025, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The lowest 10% earned less than $78,420 and the highest 10% earned more than $215,610.

Most people need about FAA Academy plus 2–4 years on the job of training. Most controllers enter through the FAA, completing the Air Traffic Skills Assessment and FAA Academy training. Some complete collegiate training programs first. Veterans with military controller experience may qualify for other paths.

No four-year degree is typically required. BLS lists “associate's degree” as the typical entry-level education, plus long-term on-the-job training.

It can be, depending on your goals. Employment is projected to change +1.7% from 2025–35 (slower than average), with about 2,100 openings each year. Upsides include high pay and federal benefits; a common challenge is that high stress and concentration.

Key technical skills include aircraft separation standards, radio phraseology, radar operation, and airspace and procedures. Employers also value decisiveness, concentration, and calm under pressure.

Common credentials include FAA Air Traffic Control Specialist certification, Class II medical certificate, Control tower operator (CTO) certificate, and Facility certifications. Controllers must complete FAA training, maintain medical qualifications and become certified on their facility’s positions. Most must apply before age 31 and retire by 56.