Career roadmap
How to Become a Nurse Practitioner
The education, training, certifications and steps it takes to start working as a nurse practitioner, plus how long it takes and where the career can lead.
To become a nurse practitioner: (1) become a registered nurse, (2) gain RN experience, (3) complete an MSN or DNP, (4) pass a board exam, (5) get an APRN license. Most people need about 6–8 years including RN education. BLS lists “master's degree” as the typical entry-level education.
5 steps to become a nurse practitioner
Become a registered nurse
Earn a BSN and pass the NCLEX.
Gain RN experience
Many programs want 1–2 years.
Complete an MSN or DNP
Choose a population focus.
Pass a board exam
ANCC or AANP.
Get an APRN license
Then practice.
Education and training requirements
Nurse practitioners are RNs with a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing (MSN or DNP) and national board certification in a specialty.
| Typical entry-level education (BLS) | Master's degree |
|---|---|
| Related work experience | None |
| On-the-job training | None |
| Typical training time | 6–8 years including RN education |
Certifications and licenses
- FNP-BC or FNP-C: Family NP board certification (ANCC or AANP).
- PMHNP-BC: Psychiatric-mental health NP certification.
- State APRN license: Required to practice.
- DEA registration: To prescribe controlled substances.
Skills to build now
Start with advanced assessment, pharmacology, and diagnosis, and practice empathy and communication. Learning the nurse practitioner vocabulary early makes training and interviews easier.
Where the career can lead
- Registered Nurse: Gain experience.
- Nurse Practitioner: Provide care.
- Lead NP or Clinic Director: Lead teams.
- Practice Owner or Nursing Faculty: Own a practice or teach.
Get a head start
Our self-paced Nurse Practitioner training gives you a realistic, practical overview of the job (duties, terminology, step-by-step tasks, safety and interview prep) so you can decide with confidence and show employers you’re serious.
Common questions about getting started
How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner?
Most people need about 6–8 years including RN education of training. Nurse practitioners are RNs with a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing (MSN or DNP) and national board certification in a specialty.
Do you need a degree to be a nurse practitioner?
Yes. BLS lists a master's degree as the typical entry-level education, and you also need a state license to practice.
What certifications are available for nurse practitioners?
Common credentials include FNP-BC or FNP-C, PMHNP-BC, State APRN license, and DEA registration. NPs need an RN license, national board certification and a state APRN license. Practice authority varies by state.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, SOC 29-1171 (Nurse practitioners).
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Employment Projections, Table 1.2 (2025–35).
- O*NET OnLine summary for Nurse practitioners (U.S. Department of Labor).
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Reviewed by the Career Education Institute Curriculum Team. Pay figures are national estimates; local pay varies. See our editorial policy.