Career roadmap
How to Become a Plumber
The education, training, certifications and steps it takes to start working as a plumber, plus how long it takes and where the career can lead.
To become a plumber: (1) finish high school, (2) join an apprenticeship, (3) complete on-the-job and classroom training, (4) pass the journeyman exam, (5) advance. Most people need about 4–5 years (paid apprenticeship). BLS lists “high school diploma or equivalent” as the typical entry-level education.
5 steps to become a plumber
Finish high school
Math, shop and science classes help with the apprenticeship entrance exam.
Join an apprenticeship
Options include union programs (UA), contractor associations and employer-sponsored apprenticeships.
Complete on-the-job and classroom training
Learn codes, blueprint reading, safety and installation techniques.
Pass the journeyman exam
Get licensed to work independently.
Advance
Earn a master license, specialize in medical gas, backflow or commercial work, or start a company.
Education and training requirements
A high school diploma or GED is typically required. Plumbers usually complete a four- to five-year apprenticeship with paid on-the-job training and classroom study, then pass a state journeyman exam. Some start at a technical school.
| Typical entry-level education (BLS) | High school diploma or equivalent |
|---|---|
| Related work experience | None |
| On-the-job training | Apprenticeship |
| Typical training time | 4–5 years (paid apprenticeship) |
Certifications and licenses
- Journeyman plumber license: Required in most states after completing apprenticeship hours and an exam.
- Master plumber license: Allows you to design systems, pull permits and run a business in many areas.
- Backflow prevention tester certification: Lets plumbers test and certify backflow devices.
- Medical gas certification (ASSE 6010): Required to install medical gas systems in healthcare facilities.
Skills to build now
Start with reading plumbing plans, plumbing code knowledge (ipc/upc), and soldering, brazing and joining pipe, and practice problem-solving and customer service. Learning the plumber vocabulary early makes training and interviews easier.
Where the career can lead
- Plumbing Apprentice: Learn under licensed plumbers.
- Journeyman Plumber: Install and repair systems independently.
- Service Lead or Specialist: Specialize in medical gas, backflow or commercial systems.
- Master Plumber or Business Owner: Design systems, pull permits and run a company.
Get a head start
Our self-paced Plumber training gives you a realistic, practical overview of the job (duties, terminology, step-by-step tasks, safety and interview prep) so you can decide with confidence and show employers you’re serious.
Common questions about getting started
How long does it take to become a licensed plumber?
Most plumbers complete a four- to five-year apprenticeship before taking a journeyman licensing exam.
How long does it take to become a plumber?
Most people need about 4–5 years (paid apprenticeship) of training. A high school diploma or GED is typically required. Plumbers usually complete a four- to five-year apprenticeship with paid on-the-job training and classroom study, then pass a state journeyman exam. Some start at a technical school.
Do you need a degree to be a plumber?
No four-year degree is typically required. BLS lists “high school diploma or equivalent” as the typical entry-level education, plus apprenticeship.
What certifications are available for plumbers?
Common credentials include Journeyman plumber license, Master plumber license, Backflow prevention tester certification, and Medical gas certification (ASSE 6010). Most states license plumbers at apprentice, journeyworker and master levels. Gas piping may require separate certification, and rules vary by state and city.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, SOC 47-2152 (Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters).
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Employment Projections, Table 1.2 (2025–35).
- O*NET OnLine summary for Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters (U.S. Department of Labor).
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Reviewed by the Career Education Institute Curriculum Team. Pay figures are national estimates; local pay varies. See our editorial policy.