Certified Nursing Assistant how-to
How to Measure Intake and Output
Accurate I&O helps nurses catch dehydration, fluid overload and kidney problems early.
Accurate I&O helps nurses catch dehydration, fluid overload and kidney problems early. In short: check; record; subtract, then complete the remaining steps below.
Step by step
Check whether the patient is on I&O and know your facility’s conversion chart for cups, bowls and cartons.
Record all fluids consumed, including ice chips (counted as half their volume), soup, gelatin and ice cream.
Subtract any leftover fluid from the amount served.
Measure output in a graduated container at eye level: urine, emesis and drainage as directed.
Wear gloves when handling output and empty containers properly.
Record totals on the I&O sheet at the end of your shift and report unusual amounts or colors to the nurse.
Safety reminders for certified nursing assistants
- Use gait belts and mechanical lifts as the care plan requires. Never lift beyond your safe limit
- Lock bed and wheelchair brakes before every transfer
- Follow hand hygiene and standard precautions for every patient
- Report falls, injuries and changes in condition immediately
Key terms
ADLs · Gait belt · Ambulate · Range of motion (ROM) · Intake and output (I&O) · Pressure injury: see the full certified nursing assistant glossary.