Career roadmap
How to Become an Optometrist
The education, training, certifications and steps it takes to start working as an optometrist, plus how long it takes and where the career can lead.
To become an optometrist: (1) earn a bachelor’s degree, (2) take the OAT, (3) complete an OD program, (4) pass the NBEO, (5) practice or do a residency. Most people need about 8 years after high school. BLS lists “doctoral or professional degree” as the typical entry-level education.
5 steps to become an optometrist
Earn a bachelor’s degree
Science prerequisites.
Take the OAT
Optometry Admission Test.
Complete an OD program
Four years.
Pass the NBEO
Get licensed.
Practice or do a residency
Specialize if desired.
Education and training requirements
A Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree from an accredited program is required, plus national board exams and a state license.
| Typical entry-level education (BLS) | Doctoral or professional degree |
|---|---|
| Related work experience | None |
| On-the-job training | None |
| Typical training time | 8 years after high school |
Certifications and licenses
- NBEO exams: National Board of Examiners in Optometry.
- State optometry license: Required.
- Therapeutic certification: Required to treat with medications.
- Fellowship (FAAO): American Academy of Optometry.
Skills to build now
Start with refraction, eye disease diagnosis, and contact lens fitting, and practice communication and attention to detail. Learning the optometrist vocabulary early makes training and interviews easier.
Where the career can lead
- Associate Optometrist: Practice.
- Specialty Optometrist: Residency-trained.
- Practice Owner: Run a practice.
- Clinic Director or Faculty: Lead or teach.
Get a head start
Our self-paced Optometrist training gives you a realistic, practical overview of the job (duties, terminology, step-by-step tasks, safety and interview prep) so you can decide with confidence and show employers you’re serious.
Common questions about getting started
How long does it take to become an optometrist?
Most people need about 8 years after high school of training. A Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree from an accredited program is required, plus national board exams and a state license.
Do you need a degree to be an optometrist?
Yes. BLS lists a doctoral or professional degree as the typical entry-level education, and you also need a state license to practice.
What certifications are available for optometrists?
Common credentials include NBEO exams, State optometry license, Therapeutic certification, and Fellowship (FAAO). All states license optometrists after an OD degree and national board exams.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, SOC 29-1041 (Optometrists).
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Employment Projections, Table 1.2 (2025–35).
- O*NET OnLine summary for Optometrists (U.S. Department of Labor).
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Reviewed by the Career Education Institute Curriculum Team. Pay figures are national estimates; local pay varies. See our editorial policy.