Career roadmap
How to Become a Physicist
The education, training, certifications and steps it takes to start working as a physicist, plus how long it takes and where the career can lead.
To become a physicist: (1) earn a physics bachelor’s, (2) do research, (3) earn a Ph.D., (4) complete a postdoc, (5) get hired. Most people need about 5–7 years after a bachelor’s. BLS lists “doctoral or professional degree” as the typical entry-level education.
5 steps to become a physicist
Earn a physics bachelor’s
Math-heavy.
Do research
Labs.
Earn a Ph.D.
Research.
Complete a postdoc
Often.
Get hired
Lab or industry.
Education and training requirements
A Ph.D. in physics is typical for research roles.
| Typical entry-level education (BLS) | Doctoral or professional degree |
|---|---|
| Related work experience | None |
| On-the-job training | None |
| Typical training time | 5–7 years after a bachelor’s |
Certifications and licenses
- Ph.D.: Typical.
- ABR certification: Medical physicists.
- Security clearance: National labs.
- Postdoc: Common.
Skills to build now
Start with physics theory, experimental methods, and mathematical modeling, and practice curiosity and persistence. Learning the physicist vocabulary early makes training and interviews easier.
Where the career can lead
- Research Assistant: Entry.
- Postdoc: Training.
- Staff Physicist: Research.
- Group Leader: Lead.
Get a head start
Our self-paced Physicist training gives you a realistic, practical overview of the job (duties, terminology, step-by-step tasks, safety and interview prep) so you can decide with confidence and show employers you’re serious.
Common questions about getting started
How long does it take to become a physicist?
Most people need about 5–7 years after a bachelor’s of training. A Ph.D. in physics is typical for research roles.
Do you need a degree to be a physicist?
Usually. BLS lists a doctoral degree as typical for physicists. Some applied roles hire with a bachelor’s or master’s.
What certifications are available for physicists?
Common credentials include Ph.D., ABR certification, Security clearance, and Postdoc. Requirements vary by state and employer.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, SOC 19-2012 (Physicists).
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Employment Projections, Table 1.2 (2025–35).
- O*NET OnLine summary for Physicists (U.S. Department of Labor).
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Reviewed by the Career Education Institute Curriculum Team. Pay figures are national estimates; local pay varies. See our editorial policy.